Papal Bull Exsurge Domine (Rise up, O Lord) issued on June 15, in which Martin Luther is threatened with excommunication if he does not recant in six months. Luther burns the bull in public on December 10.
-
1483
Birth of Martin Luther (1483-1546)
-
1484
Birth of Georg Spalatinus (1484-1545)
-
1484
Birth of Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531)
-
1485
Birth of Johannes Bugenhagen (1485-1558)
-
1486
Birth of Johann Eck (1486-1543)
-
1489
Birth of Guillaume Farel (1489-1565)
-
1491
Birth of Martin Bucer (1491-1551)
-
1491
Birth of Ignatius de Loyola (1491-1556)
-
1491
Birth of Henry VIII (1491-1547)
-
1492
The Edict of Expulsion (The Alhambra Decree)
-
1492
Christopher Columbus discovers America
-
1493
Birth of Justus Jonas (1493-1555)
-
1494
Probable birth of Lucas van Leyden (ca. 1494-1533)
-
1496
Birth of Menno Simons (1496-1561)
-
1496
Martin Luther in Magdeburg
-
1497
Martin Luther goes to Eisenach
-
1497
Birth of Philippus Melanchthon (1497-1560)
-
1498
Birth of Andreas Osiander (1498-1552)
-
1499
Birth of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562)
-
1499
Birth of Johannes a Lasco (1499-1560)
-
1499
Birth of Katharina von Bora (1499-1552)
-
1500
Birth of Charles V (1500-1558)
-
1501
Martin Luther at Erfurt
-
1504
Birth of Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)
-
1505
Martin Luther becomes a monk
-
1505
New Testament in Latin
-
1507
Martin Luther becomes a priest
-
1508
Transfer of Martin Luther to Wittenberg
-
1509
Erasmus In Praise of Folly appears
-
1509
Birth of John Calvin (1509-1564)
-
1510
Luther travels to Rome
-
1510
Birth of Albertus Rizaeus Hardenberg (1510-1574)
-
1510
Birth of Immanuel Tremellius (1510-1580)
-
1511
150th year after the death of Johannes Tauler (ca. 1300
-
1512
The Fifth Lateran Council
-
1512
Martin Luther awarded a doctorate
-
1514
Renewal of the jubilee indulgence 1506
-
1515
Birth of Theresa of Avila (1515-1582)
-
1515
Luther's lectures on the epistle to the Romans
-
1516
Birth of Hieronymus Zanchius (1516-1590)
-
1516
Erasmus publishes a Greek text of the New Testament.
-
1517
Reformers in 1517
-
1517
Beginning of the Reformation
-
1518
The writings of Martin Luther reach Antwerp
-
1518
Diet of Augsburg
-
1518
Philipp Melanchthon comes to Wittenberg
-
1518
Heidelberg Disputation
-
1519
Luther's work condemned
-
1519
Charles V becomes emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
-
1519
Luther's dispute with Johannes Eck in Leipzig
-
1519
Death of Leonardo da Vinci (ca. 1452-1519)
-
1519
Birth of Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
-
1519
Death of Johann Tetzel (1465-1519)
-
1519
Erasmus publishes a second edition of the New Testament
-
1520
Three of Luther's writings appear in print
-
1520
Papal Bull Exsurge Domine against Luther
-
1520
Birth of Christopher Plantin (1520-1589)
-
1521
Birth of Petrus Canisius (1521-1597)
-
1521
Melanchthons Loci communes appears in print
-
1521
Henry VIII Defensor fidei
-
1521
The first priests at Wittenberg are married
-
1521
Diet of Worms
-
1522
The Reformation in Zurich
-
1522
Pope Adrian VI elected
-
1522
Religious radicalism in Wittenberg
-
1522
Martin Luther translated the New Testament
-
1522
Strict edicts in the Netherlands
-
1523
John Calvin starts his studies
-
1523
Reformation in Zurich
-
1523
The first martyrs of the reformation in Brussels
-
1523
That Jesus Christ was born a Jew
-
1523
The New Testament in Dutch
-
1524
Appearance in print of Erasmus De libero arbitrio
-
1524
The beginning of the Peasants' War in Germany
-
1524
The Regensburg Alliance
-
1524
Death of Johannes von Staupitz
-
1524
Death of Henry van Zutphen
-
1525
The whole Bible is translated into Dutch
-
1525
Birth of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
-
1525
The Anabaptists in Zurich
-
1525
Death of Frederick the Wise (1463-1525)
-
1525
Death of Thomas Muntzer (1490-1525)
-
1525
Death of Jan de Bakker
-
1525
Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora
-
1525
Appearance in print of Luther's De servo arbitrio
-
1526
First Diet of Speyer
-
1526
The Liesvelt Bible appears in print
-
1527
The Hymn "A Mighty Fortress"
-
1527
University of Marburg
-
1528
Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton in Schotland
-
1528
Death of Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
-
1529
The Marburg Colloquy
-
1529
Appearance in print of the Wittenberg Chorgesangbuch
-
1529
The Small Catechism and Large Catechism of Luther
-
1529
Second Diet of Speyer
-
1530
Charles V (1500-1558) is anointed emperor
-
1530
Diet of Augsburg
-
1531
Death of Huldrych Zwingli (1483-1531)
-
1531
Birth of Peter Datheen (1531-1590)
-
1531
Death of Johannes Oecolampadius (1481-1531)
-
1531
The Schmalkaldic League
-
1531
Diet of Regensburg
-
1532
Synod of Bern
-
1532
The Peace of Nuremberg (Nurnberger Anstand)
-
1533
John Calvin flees from Paris
-
1533
Probable year of Lucas van Leyden's death
-
1533
'New Jerusalem' of the Anabaptists in Munster
-
1533
Birth of William of Orange (1533-1584)
-
1534
John Calvin breaks with the Catholic church
-
1534
Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit order
-
1534
Old Testament translated into German
-
1534
Beginning of the English Reformation
-
1534
The Kingdom of Anabaptists in Munster
-
1534
Death of Cardinal Cajetan
-
1534
The Confession of Basel
-
1535
First Bible in French
-
1535
Anabaptists at Amsterdam
-
1535
End of the Kingdom of Anabaptists in Munster
-
1535
The Anabaptists run naked in Amsterdam.
-
1536
First Helvetic Confession
-
1536
Beginning of the Council in Mantua
-
1536
First edition of Calvin's Institutes
-
1536
Wittenberg Concord
-
1536
John Calvin comes to Geneva
-
1536
The English Bible translator Tyndale dies as a martyr
-
1536
Death of Desiderius Erasmus (ca. 1466-1536)
-
1537
The Schmalkaldic Articles
-
1538
John Calvin to Basel and Strasbourg
-
1539
The first version of the Genevan Psalter in print
-
1539
Calvin's letter to Cardinal Sadoleto
-
1539
Truce of Frankfurt; Peace of Nuremberg confirmed
-
1540
Beginning of the Imperial Colloquy at Worms
-
1540
Calvin marries Idelette de Bure
-
1540
An amended version of the Augsburg Confession
-
1540
The Imperial Religious Colloquy at Hagenau
-
1541
Death of Andreas von Karlstadt (1486-1541)
-
1541
Birth of Menso Alting (1541-1612)
-
1541
First Imperial Religious Colloquy at Regensburg
-
1541
John Calvin returns to Geneva
-
1541
Diet of Regensburg
-
1541
Death of Wolfgang Capito (1478-1541)
-
1542
Inquisition
-
1542
The Diet of Speyer begins
-
1542
Last version Liesvelt Bible appears
-
1543
Death of Johann Eck (1486-1543)
-
1543
Concerning the Jews and their lies
-
1543
A Brussels placard
-
1543
Publication of Copernicus' De revolutionibus
-
1544
Protestant refugee communities
-
1545
Birth of Franciscus Junius (1545-1602)
-
1545
Birth of Johannes Fontanus (1545-1615)
-
1545
Beginning of the Council of Trent
-
1545
Death of Georg Spalatinus (1484-1545)
-
1545
Death of Jacob of Liesvelt
-
1545
The Genevan Catechism of John Calvin
-
1546
Second Imperial Religious Colloquy at Regensburg
-
1546
Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547)
-
1546
Imperial condemnation of Philipp I of Hesse en John Fre
-
1546
Death of George Wishart (ca. 1513-1546)
-
1546
Death of Martin Luther (1483-1546)
-
1547
Death of Henry VIII (1491-1547)
-
1547
Diet of Augsburg 1547-1548
-
1548
Formula reformationis
-
1548
Louvain Bible
-
1549
Book of Common Prayer
-
1549
The Consensus of Zurich (Consensus Tigurinus)
-
1550
Protestant League of Germany
-
1551
Death of Martin Bucer (1491-1551)
-
1552
Death of Andreas Osiander (1498-1552)
-
1552
Death of Katharina von Bora (1492-1552)
-
1552
English 42 Articles
-
1553
400th anniversary of the death of Bernard of Clairvaux
-
1553
Trial in Geneva against Michael Servet
-
1555
Philips II (1527-1598) becomes ruler of the Netherlands
-
1555
First Dutch speaking calvinistic congregation in Antwer
-
1555
Death of Justus Jonas (1493-1555)
-
1555
The Catechism of Canisius appears in print
-
1555
The Religious Peace of Augsburg
-
1555
Geneva chooses a pro-Calvin policy
-
1556
Death of Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
-
1557
The Imperial Religious Colloquy at Worms
-
1557
Covenant of the nobility in Scotland
-
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
-
1558
Death of Emperor Charles V (1500-1558)
-
1558
Death of Johannes Bugenhagen (1485-1558)
-
1558
Birth of William Perkins
-
1559
Book of Martyrs
-
1559
First French National Synod at Paris
-
1559
Margaret of Parma becomes regent of the Netherlands
-
1559
Probable birth of Jacob Arminius (ca. 1559-1609).
-
1559
William of Orange becomes governor of Holland, Zeeland
-
1559
Nine new dioceses in the Catholic Church
-
1559
The Academy of Geneva founded
-
1559
John Knox returns to Scotland
-
1559
Definitive version of Calvin's Institute
-
1560
The appearance of the Biestken Bible in print
-
1560
Death of Johannes a Lasco (1499-1560)
-
1560
Death of Philipp Melachthon (1497-1560)
-
1560
Frederick III becomes Reformed
-
1561
Colloquy at Poissy
-
1561
The Belgic Confession appears
-
1561
Death of Menno Simons (1496-1561)
-
1562
Deux-Aesbijbel published in Emden
-
1562
Genevan Psalter completed
-
1562
Refugee Church at Frankenthal
-
1562
Death of Adriaan van Haemstede (ca. 1525-1562)
-
1562
Death of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562)
-
1563
Birth of Franciscus Gomarus
-
1563
Conclusion of the Council of Trent
-
1563
Heidelberg Catechism appears in print
-
1563
English Thirty-Nine Articles
-
1564
Birth of William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
-
1564
Death of John Calvin (1509-1564)
-
1564
Birth of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
-
1565
Publication of La racine, source et fondement des anaba
-
1565
Death of Guillaume Farel (1489-1565)
-
1566
Iconoclasm in the Netherlands
-
1566
Second Helvetic Confession
-
1566
Death of Johannes Agricola
-
1566
A 'Wonderyear' in the Netherlands
-
1566
Dutch Psalter
-
1567
Governor Duke of Alva comes to the Netherlands
-
1567
Death of Guy De Brès
-
1568
Start of the Eighty Years War
-
1568
Convent of Wezel
-
1571
Synod of Emden
-
1571
100th anniversary of the death of Thomas a Kempis
-
1572
Death of John Knox
-
1572
Catholic priests murdered
-
1572
The Sea Beggars in Den Briel
-
1572
Martyrs of Gorcum
-
1572
St. Bartholomew's Eve in France
-
1573
Siege of Leiden
-
1573
William of Orange celebrates the Lord's Supper
-
1574
Death of Albertus Rizaeus Hardenberg (1510-1574)
-
1574
First Provincial Synod of Dordrecht
-
1575
Founding of the University of Leiden
-
1575
Death of Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)
-
1576
Pacification of Ghent
-
1577
Birth of Jacob Cats (1577-1660)
-
1577
Formula of Concord, Lutheran confession
-
1578
The Alteration in Amsterdam
-
1578
Second National Synod of Dordrecht
-
1579
Union of Utrecht
-
1579
Union of Arras
-
1580
Dutch version of the Genevan Psalter
-
1580
Catholic religion banned in the Netherlands
-
1580
Appearance in print of the Book of Concord
-
1581
Edict of Abjuration
-
1581
Third National Synod of Middelburg
-
1582
Death of Theresa of Avila (1515-1582)
-
1583
Birth of Hugo Grotius
-
1584
William of Orange (1533-1584) assassinated
-
1585
Rebuilding of Catholic ecclesiastical life in the Nethe
-
1585
Birth of Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638)
-
1586
Birth of Dirk Raphaëlsz Camphuysen
-
1586
Fourth National Synod at The Hague
-
1587
Lutheran community at Amsterdam
-
1588
The Spanish Armada
-
1589
Death of Christophe Plantin (1520-1589)
-
1590
Death of Peter Datheen (1531-1590)
-
1590
Death of Hieronymus Zanchius (1516-1590)
-
1593
Henry IV of France becomes Roman Catholic again
-
1594
Death of van Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
-
1594
Birth of Gustav Adolf II of Sweden (1594-1632)
-
1597
Birth of Pieter Janszoon Saenredam (1597-1665)
-
1597
Death of Petrus Canisius (1521-1597)
-
1598
Edict of Nantes
-
1598
100th anniversary of the death of Girolama Savonarola
-
1602
Death of Franciscus Junius (1545-1602)
-
1602
Foundation of the East India Company
-
1602
Death of William Perkins
-
1603
Birth of Johannes Coccejus (1603-1669)
-
1603
Publication Politica by Johannes Althusius
-
1605
Death of Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
-
1606
Birth of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
-
1607
Birth of Paul Gerhardt (1607-1676)
-
1607
Birth of Anna Maria van Schurman (1607-1678)
-
1608
English Separatists flee to the Dutch Republic
-
1609
Death of Jacobus Arminius (ca. 1559-1609)
-
1609
Beginning of the Twelve Year Truce
-
1610
The Remonstrants
-
1611
The Counter-Remonstrants
-
1611
King James translation of the Bible
-
1612
Death of Menso Alting (1541-1612)
-
1614
Founding of the University of Groningen
-
1614
First edition of the Rituale Romanum
-
1615
Death of Johannes Fontanus (1545-1615)
-
1617
The training of priests at Den Bosch
-
1618
Book of Sports appears in print in England
-
1618
Beginning of the Thirty Years War
-
1618
Beginning of the National Synod at Dordrecht
-
1619
The Act of Cessation
-
1620
Protestantism eradicated
-
1620
The Mayflower brings the Pilgrim Fathers to America
-
1621
Founding of the West India Company
-
1627
Death of Dirk Raphaëlsz Camphuysen
-
1629
The Peace of Alais (or the Edict of Grace)
-
1632
Death of Gustav Adolf of Sweden (1594-1632)
-
1637
Dutch Statenvertaling completed
-
1638
Death of Cornelis Jansen (1585-1638)
-
1638
National Covenant in Scotland
-
1638
Founding of Harvard College in America
-
1643
(until 1647) Westminster Assembly
-
1648
Peace of Westphalia
-
1648
Publication of Luther's Bible in the Netherlands
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