The Reformation

Covenant of the nobility in Scotland

1483
Birth of Martin Luther (1483-1546)
1484
Birth of Georg Spalatinus (1484-1545)
1484
Birth of Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531)
1485
Birth of Johannes Bugenhagen (1485-1558)
1486
Birth of Johann Eck (1486-1543)
1489
Birth of Guillaume Farel (1489-1565)
1491
Birth of Martin Bucer (1491-1551)
1491
Birth of Ignatius de Loyola (1491-1556)
1491
Birth of Henry VIII (1491-1547)
1492
The Edict of Expulsion (The Alhambra Decree)
1492
Christopher Columbus discovers America
1493
Birth of Justus Jonas (1493-1555)
1494
Probable birth of Lucas van Leyden (ca. 1494-1533)
1496
Birth of Menno Simons (1496-1561)
1496
Martin Luther in Magdeburg
1497
Martin Luther goes to Eisenach
1497
Birth of Philippus Melanchthon (1497-1560)
1498
Birth of Andreas Osiander (1498-1552)
1499
Birth of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562)
1499
Birth of Johannes a Lasco (1499-1560)
1499
Birth of Katharina von Bora (1499-1552)
1500
Birth of Charles V (1500-1558)
1501
Martin Luther at Erfurt
1504
Birth of Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)
1505
Martin Luther becomes a monk
1505
New Testament in Latin
1507
Martin Luther becomes a priest
1508
Transfer of Martin Luther to Wittenberg
1509
Erasmus In Praise of Folly appears
1509
Birth of John Calvin (1509-1564)
1510
Luther travels to Rome
1510
Birth of Albertus Rizaeus Hardenberg (1510-1574)
1510
Birth of Immanuel Tremellius (1510-1580)
1511
150th year after the death of Johannes Tauler (ca. 1300
1512
The Fifth Lateran Council
1512
Martin Luther awarded a doctorate
1514
Renewal of the jubilee indulgence 1506
1515
Birth of Theresa of Avila (1515-1582)
1515
Luther's lectures on the epistle to the Romans
1516
Birth of Hieronymus Zanchius (1516-1590)
1516
Erasmus publishes a Greek text of the New Testament.
1517
Reformers in 1517
1517
Beginning of the Reformation
1518
The writings of Martin Luther reach Antwerp
1518
Diet of Augsburg
1518
Philipp Melanchthon comes to Wittenberg
1518
Heidelberg Disputation
1519
Luther's work condemned
1519
Charles V becomes emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
1519
Luther's dispute with Johannes Eck in Leipzig
1519
Death of Leonardo da Vinci (ca. 1452-1519)
1519
Birth of Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
1519
Death of Johann Tetzel (1465-1519)
1519
Erasmus publishes a second edition of the New Testament
1520
Three of Luther's writings appear in print
1520
Papal Bull Exsurge Domine against Luther
1520
Birth of Christopher Plantin (1520-1589)
1521
Birth of Petrus Canisius (1521-1597)
1521
Melanchthons Loci communes appears in print
1521
Henry VIII Defensor fidei
1521
The first priests at Wittenberg are married
1521
Diet of Worms
1522
The Reformation in Zurich
1522
Pope Adrian VI elected
1522
Religious radicalism in Wittenberg
1522
Martin Luther translated the New Testament
1522
Strict edicts in the Netherlands
1523
John Calvin starts his studies
1523
Reformation in Zurich
1523
The first martyrs of the reformation in Brussels
1523
That Jesus Christ was born a Jew
1523
The New Testament in Dutch
1524
Appearance in print of Erasmus De libero arbitrio
1524
The beginning of the Peasants' War in Germany
1524
The Regensburg Alliance
1524
Death of Johannes von Staupitz
1524
Death of Henry van Zutphen
1525
The whole Bible is translated into Dutch
1525
Birth of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
1525
The Anabaptists in Zurich
1525
Death of Frederick the Wise (1463-1525)
1525
Death of Thomas Muntzer (1490-1525)
1525
Death of Jan de Bakker
1525
Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora
1525
Appearance in print of Luther's De servo arbitrio
1526
First Diet of Speyer
1526
The Liesvelt Bible appears in print
1527
The Hymn "A Mighty Fortress"
1527
University of Marburg
1528
Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton in Schotland
1528
Death of Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
1529
The Marburg Colloquy
1529
Appearance in print of the Wittenberg Chorgesangbuch
1529
The Small Catechism and Large Catechism of Luther
1529
Second Diet of Speyer
1530
Charles V (1500-1558) is anointed emperor
1530
Diet of Augsburg
1531
Death of Huldrych Zwingli (1483-1531)
1531
Birth of Peter Datheen (1531-1590)
1531
Death of Johannes Oecolampadius (1481-1531)
1531
The Schmalkaldic League
1531
Diet of Regensburg
1532
Synod of Bern
1532
The Peace of Nuremberg (Nurnberger Anstand)
1533
John Calvin flees from Paris
1533
Probable year of Lucas van Leyden's death
1533
'New Jerusalem' of the Anabaptists in Munster
1533
Birth of William of Orange (1533-1584)
1534
John Calvin breaks with the Catholic church
1534
Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit order
1534
Old Testament translated into German
1534
Beginning of the English Reformation
1534
The Kingdom of Anabaptists in Munster
1534
Death of Cardinal Cajetan
1534
The Confession of Basel
1535
First Bible in French
1535
Anabaptists at Amsterdam
1535
End of the Kingdom of Anabaptists in Munster
1535
The Anabaptists run naked in Amsterdam.
1536
First Helvetic Confession
1536
Beginning of the Council in Mantua
1536
First edition of Calvin's Institutes
1536
Wittenberg Concord
1536
John Calvin comes to Geneva
1536
The English Bible translator Tyndale dies as a martyr
1536
Death of Desiderius Erasmus (ca. 1466-1536)
1537
The Schmalkaldic Articles
1538
John Calvin to Basel and Strasbourg
1539
The first version of the Genevan Psalter in print
1539
Calvin's letter to Cardinal Sadoleto
1539
Truce of Frankfurt; Peace of Nuremberg confirmed
1540
Beginning of the Imperial Colloquy at Worms
1540
Calvin marries Idelette de Bure
1540
An amended version of the Augsburg Confession
1540
The Imperial Religious Colloquy at Hagenau
1541
Death of Andreas von Karlstadt (1486-1541)
1541
Birth of Menso Alting (1541-1612)
1541
First Imperial Religious Colloquy at Regensburg
1541
John Calvin returns to Geneva
1541
Diet of Regensburg
1541
Death of Wolfgang Capito (1478-1541)
1542
Inquisition
1542
The Diet of Speyer begins
1542
Last version Liesvelt Bible appears
1543
Death of Johann Eck (1486-1543)
1543
Concerning the Jews and their lies
1543
A Brussels placard
1543
Publication of Copernicus' De revolutionibus
1544
Protestant refugee communities
1545
Birth of Franciscus Junius (1545-1602)
1545
Birth of Johannes Fontanus (1545-1615)
1545
Beginning of the Council of Trent
1545
Death of Georg Spalatinus (1484-1545)
1545
Death of Jacob of Liesvelt
1545
The Genevan Catechism of John Calvin
1546
Second Imperial Religious Colloquy at Regensburg
1546
Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547)
1546
Imperial condemnation of Philipp I of Hesse en John Fre
1546
Death of George Wishart (ca. 1513-1546)
1546
Death of Martin Luther (1483-1546)
1547
Death of Henry VIII (1491-1547)
1547
Diet of Augsburg 1547-1548
1548
Formula reformationis
1548
Louvain Bible
1549
Book of Common Prayer
1549
The Consensus of Zurich (Consensus Tigurinus)
1550
Protestant League of Germany
1551
Death of Martin Bucer (1491-1551)
1552
Death of Andreas Osiander (1498-1552)
1552
Death of Katharina von Bora (1492-1552)
1552
English 42 Articles
1553
400th anniversary of the death of Bernard of Clairvaux
1553
Trial in Geneva against Michael Servet
1555
Philips II (1527-1598) becomes ruler of the Netherlands
1555
First Dutch speaking calvinistic congregation in Antwer
1555
Death of Justus Jonas (1493-1555)
1555
The Catechism of Canisius appears in print
1555
The Religious Peace of Augsburg
1555
Geneva chooses a pro-Calvin policy
1556
Death of Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
1557
The Imperial Religious Colloquy at Worms
1557
Covenant of the nobility in Scotland
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
1558
Death of Emperor Charles V (1500-1558)
1558
Death of Johannes Bugenhagen (1485-1558)
1558
Birth of William Perkins
1559
Book of Martyrs
1559
First French National Synod at Paris
1559
Margaret of Parma becomes regent of the Netherlands
1559
Probable birth of Jacob Arminius (ca. 1559-1609).
1559
William of Orange becomes governor of Holland, Zeeland
1559
Nine new dioceses in the Catholic Church
1559
The Academy of Geneva founded
1559
John Knox returns to Scotland
1559
Definitive version of Calvin's Institute
1560
The appearance of the Biestken Bible in print
1560
Death of Johannes a Lasco (1499-1560)
1560
Death of Philipp Melachthon (1497-1560)
1560
Frederick III becomes Reformed
1561
Colloquy at Poissy
1561
The Belgic Confession appears
1561
Death of Menno Simons (1496-1561)
1562
Deux-Aesbijbel published in Emden
1562
Genevan Psalter completed
1562
Refugee Church at Frankenthal
1562
Death of Adriaan van Haemstede (ca. 1525-1562)
1562
Death of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562)
1563
Birth of Franciscus Gomarus
1563
Conclusion of the Council of Trent
1563
Heidelberg Catechism appears in print
1563
English Thirty-Nine Articles
1564
Birth of William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
1564
Death of John Calvin (1509-1564)
1564
Birth of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
1565
Publication of La racine, source et fondement des anaba
1565
Death of Guillaume Farel (1489-1565)
1566
Iconoclasm in the Netherlands
1566
Second Helvetic Confession
1566
Death of Johannes Agricola
1566
A 'Wonderyear' in the Netherlands
1566
Dutch Psalter
1567
Governor Duke of Alva comes to the Netherlands
1567
Death of Guy De Brès
1568
Start of the Eighty Years War
1568
Convent of Wezel
1571
Synod of Emden
1571
100th anniversary of the death of Thomas a Kempis
1572
Death of John Knox
1572
Catholic priests murdered
1572
The Sea Beggars in Den Briel
1572
Martyrs of Gorcum
1572
St. Bartholomew's Eve in France
1573
Siege of Leiden
1573
William of Orange celebrates the Lord's Supper
1574
Death of Albertus Rizaeus Hardenberg (1510-1574)
1574
First Provincial Synod of Dordrecht
1575
Founding of the University of Leiden
1575
Death of Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)
1576
Pacification of Ghent
1577
Birth of Jacob Cats (1577-1660)
1577
Formula of Concord, Lutheran confession
1578
The Alteration in Amsterdam
1578
Second National Synod of Dordrecht
1579
Union of Utrecht
1579
Union of Arras
1580
Dutch version of the Genevan Psalter
1580
Catholic religion banned in the Netherlands
1580
Appearance in print of the Book of Concord
1581
Edict of Abjuration
1581
Third National Synod of Middelburg
1582
Death of Theresa of Avila (1515-1582)
1583
Birth of Hugo Grotius
1584
William of Orange (1533-1584) assassinated
1585
Rebuilding of Catholic ecclesiastical life in the Nethe
1585
Birth of Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638)
1586
Birth of Dirk Raphaëlsz Camphuysen
1586
Fourth National Synod at The Hague
1587
Lutheran community at Amsterdam
1588
The Spanish Armada
1589
Death of Christophe Plantin (1520-1589)
1590
Death of Peter Datheen (1531-1590)
1590
Death of Hieronymus Zanchius (1516-1590)
1593
Henry IV of France becomes Roman Catholic again
1594
Death of van Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
1594
Birth of Gustav Adolf II of Sweden (1594-1632)
1597
Birth of Pieter Janszoon Saenredam (1597-1665)
1597
Death of Petrus Canisius (1521-1597)
1598
Edict of Nantes
1598
100th anniversary of the death of Girolama Savonarola
1602
Death of Franciscus Junius (1545-1602)
1602
Foundation of the East India Company
1602
Death of William Perkins
1603
Birth of Johannes Coccejus (1603-1669)
1603
Publication Politica by Johannes Althusius
1605
Death of Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
1606
Birth of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
1607
Birth of Paul Gerhardt (1607-1676)
1607
Birth of Anna Maria van Schurman (1607-1678)
1608
English Separatists flee to the Dutch Republic
1609
Death of Jacobus Arminius (ca. 1559-1609)
1609
Beginning of the Twelve Year Truce
1610
The Remonstrants
1611
The Counter-Remonstrants
1611
King James translation of the Bible
1612
Death of Menso Alting (1541-1612)
1614
Founding of the University of Groningen
1614
First edition of the Rituale Romanum
1615
Death of Johannes Fontanus (1545-1615)
1617
The training of priests at Den Bosch
1618
Book of Sports appears in print in England
1618
Beginning of the Thirty Years War
1618
Beginning of the National Synod at Dordrecht
1619
The Act of Cessation
1620
Protestantism eradicated
1620
The Mayflower brings the Pilgrim Fathers to America
1621
Founding of the West India Company
1627
Death of Dirk Raphaëlsz Camphuysen
1629
The Peace of Alais (or the Edict of Grace)
1632
Death of Gustav Adolf of Sweden (1594-1632)
1637
Dutch Statenvertaling completed
1638
Death of Cornelis Jansen (1585-1638)
1638
National Covenant in Scotland
1638
Founding of Harvard College in America
1643
(until 1647) Westminster Assembly
1648
Peace of Westphalia
1648
Publication of Luther's Bible in the Netherlands

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The Covenant, an alliance of the Scotch nobility against the attempts of Mary of Guise, queen of Scots, to restore the Catholic religion.

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