Duke of Alva, also called the Iron Duke, succeeds Margaret of Parma as the Governor of the Netherlands. In Brussels he established the Council of Troubles, also known as 'The Blood Council'.
-
1483
Birth of Martin Luther (1483-1546)
-
1484
Birth of Georg Spalatinus (1484-1545)
-
1484
Birth of Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531)
-
1485
Birth of Johannes Bugenhagen (1485-1558)
-
1486
Birth of Johann Eck (1486-1543)
-
1489
Birth of Guillaume Farel (1489-1565)
-
1491
Birth of Martin Bucer (1491-1551)
-
1491
Birth of Ignatius de Loyola (1491-1556)
-
1491
Birth of Henry VIII (1491-1547)
-
1492
The Edict of Expulsion (The Alhambra Decree)
-
1492
Christopher Columbus discovers America
-
1493
Birth of Justus Jonas (1493-1555)
-
1494
Probable birth of Lucas van Leyden (ca. 1494-1533)
-
1496
Birth of Menno Simons (1496-1561)
-
1496
Martin Luther in Magdeburg
-
1497
Martin Luther goes to Eisenach
-
1497
Birth of Philippus Melanchthon (1497-1560)
-
1498
Birth of Andreas Osiander (1498-1552)
-
1499
Birth of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562)
-
1499
Birth of Johannes a Lasco (1499-1560)
-
1499
Birth of Katharina von Bora (1499-1552)
-
1500
Birth of Charles V (1500-1558)
-
1501
Martin Luther at Erfurt
-
1504
Birth of Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)
-
1505
Martin Luther becomes a monk
-
1505
New Testament in Latin
-
1507
Martin Luther becomes a priest
-
1508
Transfer of Martin Luther to Wittenberg
-
1509
Erasmus In Praise of Folly appears
-
1509
Birth of John Calvin (1509-1564)
-
1510
Luther travels to Rome
-
1510
Birth of Albertus Rizaeus Hardenberg (1510-1574)
-
1510
Birth of Immanuel Tremellius (1510-1580)
-
1511
150th year after the death of Johannes Tauler (ca. 1300
-
1512
The Fifth Lateran Council
-
1512
Martin Luther awarded a doctorate
-
1514
Renewal of the jubilee indulgence 1506
-
1515
Birth of Theresa of Avila (1515-1582)
-
1515
Luther's lectures on the epistle to the Romans
-
1516
Birth of Hieronymus Zanchius (1516-1590)
-
1516
Erasmus publishes a Greek text of the New Testament.
-
1517
Reformers in 1517
-
1517
Beginning of the Reformation
-
1518
The writings of Martin Luther reach Antwerp
-
1518
Diet of Augsburg
-
1518
Philipp Melanchthon comes to Wittenberg
-
1518
Heidelberg Disputation
-
1519
Luther's work condemned
-
1519
Charles V becomes emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
-
1519
Luther's dispute with Johannes Eck in Leipzig
-
1519
Death of Leonardo da Vinci (ca. 1452-1519)
-
1519
Birth of Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
-
1519
Death of Johann Tetzel (1465-1519)
-
1519
Erasmus publishes a second edition of the New Testament
-
1520
Three of Luther's writings appear in print
-
1520
Papal Bull Exsurge Domine against Luther
-
1520
Birth of Christopher Plantin (1520-1589)
-
1521
Birth of Petrus Canisius (1521-1597)
-
1521
Melanchthons Loci communes appears in print
-
1521
Henry VIII Defensor fidei
-
1521
The first priests at Wittenberg are married
-
1521
Diet of Worms
-
1522
The Reformation in Zurich
-
1522
Pope Adrian VI elected
-
1522
Religious radicalism in Wittenberg
-
1522
Martin Luther translated the New Testament
-
1522
Strict edicts in the Netherlands
-
1523
John Calvin starts his studies
-
1523
Reformation in Zurich
-
1523
The first martyrs of the reformation in Brussels
-
1523
That Jesus Christ was born a Jew
-
1523
The New Testament in Dutch
-
1524
Appearance in print of Erasmus De libero arbitrio
-
1524
The beginning of the Peasants' War in Germany
-
1524
The Regensburg Alliance
-
1524
Death of Johannes von Staupitz
-
1524
Death of Henry van Zutphen
-
1525
The whole Bible is translated into Dutch
-
1525
Birth of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
-
1525
The Anabaptists in Zurich
-
1525
Death of Frederick the Wise (1463-1525)
-
1525
Death of Thomas Muntzer (1490-1525)
-
1525
Death of Jan de Bakker
-
1525
Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora
-
1525
Appearance in print of Luther's De servo arbitrio
-
1526
First Diet of Speyer
-
1526
The Liesvelt Bible appears in print
-
1527
The Hymn "A Mighty Fortress"
-
1527
University of Marburg
-
1528
Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton in Schotland
-
1528
Death of Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
-
1529
The Marburg Colloquy
-
1529
Appearance in print of the Wittenberg Chorgesangbuch
-
1529
The Small Catechism and Large Catechism of Luther
-
1529
Second Diet of Speyer
-
1530
Charles V (1500-1558) is anointed emperor
-
1530
Diet of Augsburg
-
1531
Death of Huldrych Zwingli (1483-1531)
-
1531
Birth of Peter Datheen (1531-1590)
-
1531
Death of Johannes Oecolampadius (1481-1531)
-
1531
The Schmalkaldic League
-
1531
Diet of Regensburg
-
1532
Synod of Bern
-
1532
The Peace of Nuremberg (Nurnberger Anstand)
-
1533
John Calvin flees from Paris
-
1533
Probable year of Lucas van Leyden's death
-
1533
'New Jerusalem' of the Anabaptists in Munster
-
1533
Birth of William of Orange (1533-1584)
-
1534
John Calvin breaks with the Catholic church
-
1534
Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit order
-
1534
Old Testament translated into German
-
1534
Beginning of the English Reformation
-
1534
The Kingdom of Anabaptists in Munster
-
1534
Death of Cardinal Cajetan
-
1534
The Confession of Basel
-
1535
First Bible in French
-
1535
Anabaptists at Amsterdam
-
1535
End of the Kingdom of Anabaptists in Munster
-
1535
The Anabaptists run naked in Amsterdam.
-
1536
First Helvetic Confession
-
1536
Beginning of the Council in Mantua
-
1536
First edition of Calvin's Institutes
-
1536
Wittenberg Concord
-
1536
John Calvin comes to Geneva
-
1536
The English Bible translator Tyndale dies as a martyr
-
1536
Death of Desiderius Erasmus (ca. 1466-1536)
-
1537
The Schmalkaldic Articles
-
1538
John Calvin to Basel and Strasbourg
-
1539
The first version of the Genevan Psalter in print
-
1539
Calvin's letter to Cardinal Sadoleto
-
1539
Truce of Frankfurt; Peace of Nuremberg confirmed
-
1540
Beginning of the Imperial Colloquy at Worms
-
1540
Calvin marries Idelette de Bure
-
1540
An amended version of the Augsburg Confession
-
1540
The Imperial Religious Colloquy at Hagenau
-
1541
Death of Andreas von Karlstadt (1486-1541)
-
1541
Birth of Menso Alting (1541-1612)
-
1541
First Imperial Religious Colloquy at Regensburg
-
1541
John Calvin returns to Geneva
-
1541
Diet of Regensburg
-
1541
Death of Wolfgang Capito (1478-1541)
-
1542
Inquisition
-
1542
The Diet of Speyer begins
-
1542
Last version Liesvelt Bible appears
-
1543
Death of Johann Eck (1486-1543)
-
1543
Concerning the Jews and their lies
-
1543
A Brussels placard
-
1543
Publication of Copernicus' De revolutionibus
-
1544
Protestant refugee communities
-
1545
Birth of Franciscus Junius (1545-1602)
-
1545
Birth of Johannes Fontanus (1545-1615)
-
1545
Beginning of the Council of Trent
-
1545
Death of Georg Spalatinus (1484-1545)
-
1545
Death of Jacob of Liesvelt
-
1545
The Genevan Catechism of John Calvin
-
1546
Second Imperial Religious Colloquy at Regensburg
-
1546
Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547)
-
1546
Imperial condemnation of Philipp I of Hesse en John Fre
-
1546
Death of George Wishart (ca. 1513-1546)
-
1546
Death of Martin Luther (1483-1546)
-
1547
Death of Henry VIII (1491-1547)
-
1547
Diet of Augsburg 1547-1548
-
1548
Formula reformationis
-
1548
Louvain Bible
-
1549
Book of Common Prayer
-
1549
The Consensus of Zurich (Consensus Tigurinus)
-
1550
Protestant League of Germany
-
1551
Death of Martin Bucer (1491-1551)
-
1552
Death of Andreas Osiander (1498-1552)
-
1552
Death of Katharina von Bora (1492-1552)
-
1552
English 42 Articles
-
1553
400th anniversary of the death of Bernard of Clairvaux
-
1553
Trial in Geneva against Michael Servet
-
1555
Philips II (1527-1598) becomes ruler of the Netherlands
-
1555
First Dutch speaking calvinistic congregation in Antwer
-
1555
Death of Justus Jonas (1493-1555)
-
1555
The Catechism of Canisius appears in print
-
1555
The Religious Peace of Augsburg
-
1555
Geneva chooses a pro-Calvin policy
-
1556
Death of Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
-
1557
The Imperial Religious Colloquy at Worms
-
1557
Covenant of the nobility in Scotland
-
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
-
1558
Death of Emperor Charles V (1500-1558)
-
1558
Death of Johannes Bugenhagen (1485-1558)
-
1558
Birth of William Perkins
-
1559
Book of Martyrs
-
1559
First French National Synod at Paris
-
1559
Margaret of Parma becomes regent of the Netherlands
-
1559
Probable birth of Jacob Arminius (ca. 1559-1609).
-
1559
William of Orange becomes governor of Holland, Zeeland
-
1559
Nine new dioceses in the Catholic Church
-
1559
The Academy of Geneva founded
-
1559
John Knox returns to Scotland
-
1559
Definitive version of Calvin's Institute
-
1560
The appearance of the Biestken Bible in print
-
1560
Death of Johannes a Lasco (1499-1560)
-
1560
Death of Philipp Melachthon (1497-1560)
-
1560
Frederick III becomes Reformed
-
1561
Colloquy at Poissy
-
1561
The Belgic Confession appears
-
1561
Death of Menno Simons (1496-1561)
-
1562
Deux-Aesbijbel published in Emden
-
1562
Genevan Psalter completed
-
1562
Refugee Church at Frankenthal
-
1562
Death of Adriaan van Haemstede (ca. 1525-1562)
-
1562
Death of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562)
-
1563
Birth of Franciscus Gomarus
-
1563
Conclusion of the Council of Trent
-
1563
Heidelberg Catechism appears in print
-
1563
English Thirty-Nine Articles
-
1564
Birth of William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
-
1564
Death of John Calvin (1509-1564)
-
1564
Birth of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
-
1565
Publication of La racine, source et fondement des anaba
-
1565
Death of Guillaume Farel (1489-1565)
-
1566
Iconoclasm in the Netherlands
-
1566
Second Helvetic Confession
-
1566
Death of Johannes Agricola
-
1566
A 'Wonderyear' in the Netherlands
-
1566
Dutch Psalter
-
1567
Governor Duke of Alva comes to the Netherlands
-
1567
Death of Guy De Brès
-
1568
Start of the Eighty Years War
-
1568
Convent of Wezel
-
1571
Synod of Emden
-
1571
100th anniversary of the death of Thomas a Kempis
-
1572
Death of John Knox
-
1572
Catholic priests murdered
-
1572
The Sea Beggars in Den Briel
-
1572
Martyrs of Gorcum
-
1572
St. Bartholomew's Eve in France
-
1573
Siege of Leiden
-
1573
William of Orange celebrates the Lord's Supper
-
1574
Death of Albertus Rizaeus Hardenberg (1510-1574)
-
1574
First Provincial Synod of Dordrecht
-
1575
Founding of the University of Leiden
-
1575
Death of Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)
-
1576
Pacification of Ghent
-
1577
Birth of Jacob Cats (1577-1660)
-
1577
Formula of Concord, Lutheran confession
-
1578
The Alteration in Amsterdam
-
1578
Second National Synod of Dordrecht
-
1579
Union of Utrecht
-
1579
Union of Arras
-
1580
Dutch version of the Genevan Psalter
-
1580
Catholic religion banned in the Netherlands
-
1580
Appearance in print of the Book of Concord
-
1581
Edict of Abjuration
-
1581
Third National Synod of Middelburg
-
1582
Death of Theresa of Avila (1515-1582)
-
1583
Birth of Hugo Grotius
-
1584
William of Orange (1533-1584) assassinated
-
1585
Rebuilding of Catholic ecclesiastical life in the Nethe
-
1585
Birth of Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638)
-
1586
Birth of Dirk Raphaëlsz Camphuysen
-
1586
Fourth National Synod at The Hague
-
1587
Lutheran community at Amsterdam
-
1588
The Spanish Armada
-
1589
Death of Christophe Plantin (1520-1589)
-
1590
Death of Peter Datheen (1531-1590)
-
1590
Death of Hieronymus Zanchius (1516-1590)
-
1593
Henry IV of France becomes Roman Catholic again
-
1594
Death of van Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
-
1594
Birth of Gustav Adolf II of Sweden (1594-1632)
-
1597
Birth of Pieter Janszoon Saenredam (1597-1665)
-
1597
Death of Petrus Canisius (1521-1597)
-
1598
Edict of Nantes
-
1598
100th anniversary of the death of Girolama Savonarola
-
1602
Death of Franciscus Junius (1545-1602)
-
1602
Foundation of the East India Company
-
1602
Death of William Perkins
-
1603
Birth of Johannes Coccejus (1603-1669)
-
1603
Publication Politica by Johannes Althusius
-
1605
Death of Theodore Beza (1519-1605)
-
1606
Birth of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
-
1607
Birth of Paul Gerhardt (1607-1676)
-
1607
Birth of Anna Maria van Schurman (1607-1678)
-
1608
English Separatists flee to the Dutch Republic
-
1609
Death of Jacobus Arminius (ca. 1559-1609)
-
1609
Beginning of the Twelve Year Truce
-
1610
The Remonstrants
-
1611
The Counter-Remonstrants
-
1611
King James translation of the Bible
-
1612
Death of Menso Alting (1541-1612)
-
1614
Founding of the University of Groningen
-
1614
First edition of the Rituale Romanum
-
1615
Death of Johannes Fontanus (1545-1615)
-
1617
The training of priests at Den Bosch
-
1618
Book of Sports appears in print in England
-
1618
Beginning of the Thirty Years War
-
1618
Beginning of the National Synod at Dordrecht
-
1619
The Act of Cessation
-
1620
Protestantism eradicated
-
1620
The Mayflower brings the Pilgrim Fathers to America
-
1621
Founding of the West India Company
-
1627
Death of Dirk Raphaëlsz Camphuysen
-
1629
The Peace of Alais (or the Edict of Grace)
-
1632
Death of Gustav Adolf of Sweden (1594-1632)
-
1637
Dutch Statenvertaling completed
-
1638
Death of Cornelis Jansen (1585-1638)
-
1638
National Covenant in Scotland
-
1638
Founding of Harvard College in America
-
1643
(until 1647) Westminster Assembly
-
1648
Peace of Westphalia
-
1648
Publication of Luther's Bible in the Netherlands
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